Pyrotechnics || Different types of Pyrotechnics on ship || Pyrotechnics ...

REQUIREMENTS:

On bridge : 12 Rocket Parachute flares(4 mm dia, 230 m in calm wx)

                 : At least 1 Line throwing appliances( Generally 4 LTA)

On bridge wing: Each side one combined MOB light and smoke signal

On life boat & life raft: 6 Hand flares

                                      4 Rocket parachute flares.

                                      2 Smoke floats.


ROCKET PARACHUTE FLARES:

a. Can be fired to a height of 300 m

b. Fall at 5 m/seconds

c. Burn for 40 sec

d. Intensity 30000 candelas

e. Burn red In colour.


HAND FLARES:

a. Burn for 1 minute.

b. Intensity 15000 candelas.

c. Burn red In colour.


ORANGE SMOKE FLOATS:

a. Burns for 2 -4 minutes.

b. Omits orange coloured smoke.

c. day time distress signal.



BRIDGE WING MOB LIGHTS & SMOKE SIGNAL:

a· Orange in colour.

b. Produce for 15 mins.

c. Intensity of light not less than 2 candelas and If flashing then It must flash at a rate of 50 flashes per minute with a source of energy for at least 2 hrs.


LINE THROWING APPLIANCES:

a. Be capable of throwing a line with reasonable accuracy.

b. Include not less than four projectiles each capable of carrying the line at least 230 m in calm weather.

c. Include not less than four lines each having a breaking strength of not less than 2 kN.

d. Have brief instructions or diagrams clearly illustrating the use of the line throwing appliance.

e. In addition, in the case of a pistol-fired rocket, the line and rockets together with the means of ignition shall be stowed in a container which provides protection from the weather.

f. It has a rope kept in a cylinder which is spring loaded and when the cylinder is propelled by pressing lever, the spring is released and the rope turns out from cylinder which is kept in the direction of wind and at angle of 45°from the surface to achieve max projectile path.

         

DIMENSIONS OF PILOT LADDER

SPECIFICATION:
➥Handhold stanchions: dia-32 mm
                                  Above (b.w) height -120 cm
                                  Gap between two ; min 70 cm, max 80 cm.
➥Man ropes without knots: dia -28 mm
(if req by pilot)/ (as per ladder) height- as per ladder.

➥Side ropes: dia-18 mm
                 (between two) horizontal gap- 40 cm
                  vertical gap: 30-38 cm
➥Spreader : length - 180 cm long
                 breadth - 11.5 cm
                 thickness -2.5 cm
➥From bottom 5th step must be a spreader.
➥After max 8 steps between spreader 9th spreader.

DESCRIPTION:
➥Ht of ladder above water level as per pilot.
➥Ladder must rest well over ship side.
➥No overboard discharge where ladder is placed.
➥Deck (p.b. area) lit by fwd shining overside light.
➥Life buoy with self igniting light and a responsible deck/off to pick up pilot.
➥Space to be clear of any slippery spaces and obstructions - use of b.w ladder fastened.
➥Ships with height freeboard (more than 9 m) when no side door available: combination ladder.
➥Pilot ladder must extend 2 mtrs above lower platform.
➥Accommodation ladder to rest firmly against ship side.
➥Should lead aft
➥Man slope 55 deg
➥Lower platform horizontal
➥Rigid hand rails preferred.

WATER TIGHT DOORS

CRITERIA:
1. Can operate from bridge, locally at door, remote control station.
2. Alarms on bridge, for opening, closing, status light for all doors, low hydraulic pressure.
3. An alarm will be activated out each door when moving until the door is fully opened or closed.
4. Never attempt to pass through a door that is closing.
5. Each door can be operated by a back up system In the event of power failure. ( by hand hydraulics).

MAINTENANCE

L. Check for water tight seals for defects.

2. Check cleats and mounting for cracks and corrosion.

3. Check for hydraulic leaks.

4. Check doors seated correctly when closed and locking cleats are in place.

5. Clean up any oil or grease near watertight doors.

6. Report any defect to officer incharge of maintenance.

SEA ANCHORS

Details:
As per solas 1986 reg:
1. Conical in shape.
2. Porous material and slightly shift
3. Stable when towed at 6 knots.
4. Mouth shall open immediately on deployment.
5. Length of painter attached to sea anchor: 30 m length
8mm día.

Uses:
➧Reduces drift of the craft:
➧Narrows the search area.
➧Improves the stability of the craft In rough wx.
➧Makes comfortable motion. Therefore reduces risk of capsize.

Emergency lighting

Use to illuminate
1.Muster point.
2. Embarkation station.
3. Routes to survival craft.
4. Survival craft areas and over side of the vsl.

LIFE JACKETS

Cargo ships and tankers:
32 kg and over; 125% of the capacity of vsl (min 4)
< 32 kg and over; 100% of the capacity of vsl (min 2)
one 32 kg; for each watch keeper and remote survival craft station and Inflatable life-jackets

Passenger ships:
32 kg over; 105% of capacity of v1
"< 32 kg over ; 10% of capacity of vs.
One 32 kg 1 for each watch keeper and remote survival craft station and inflatable life-jackets.
♦ jumping in water- 4.5 m height without injury max - 6m.
♦ Donning 1 min
♦ Keeps head above water 12 cm. and 6 inches.

Markings:
1. Name or trade mark of manufactures.
2. Name and call sign of vsl.

Life jacket Light intensity:
0.75 candela for at least 8 hrs.

LIFE BUOY

SPECIFICATION:
1. Outer dia not less tan 800 mm

2. Inner dia not less than 400 mm.
3. Grab lines must have a dia of not less than 9.5 mm and the length is to be not less than 4 times the outside dia of life buoy and secured In 4 loops.
4. Lifebuoys must be brightly visible in colour(generally orange).
5. Fitted on each side at 4 evenly points retro reflective material 50mm x 100mm In size
6. Capable of being dropped from a ht of 30 m without sustaining damage.
7. If a line is fitted then line must be 27.5 m in length.
8. The light must have intensity of not less than 2 candela and If flashing than 50 flashes/minute and provide with source of energy for at least 2 hrs.
9. Max weigh 4 kgs, Min-2.5 kg.

REQUIREMENT:
Length of the ship
⇛Under 100 m- min 8
⇛100 m and under 150 -10
⇛150 m and under 200 m 12
⇛200 m and over 14
⇛50% with SI lights
⇛2 with 27.5 m buoyant line
⇛2 with light/ smoke float capable of quick release.

MARKINGS:

1. Manufactures name or trademark

2. Max height above the water line it can be stored.

3. If this exceeds 30 m then Name and port of registry of the ship.

LIFE RAFT EQUIPMENT

1. 2 buoyant paddles.
2. A buoyant boiler, if 13 persons or more then 2 boilers.
3. Instructions on immediate actions on boarding the raft.
4. A survival manual.
5. 2 sea anchors (one rigged and ready for use)
6. 1.5 Itrs of water per person (Valid for 3 yrs)
7. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs)
8. 1 rust proof, gradated drinking vsl.
9. 6 hand held flares.
10. 4 parachute flares.
11. 1 torch capable of signaling morse with spare bulb and batteries.
12. 2smoke floats.
13. 1 signaling mirror.
14. 1 signal card (SOLAS no.2)
15. 1 whistle.
16. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
17: 6 sea sickness tablets per persons.
18. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
19. 1 safety knife.
20: 3 tin openers.
21. 1 buoyant rescue quoits with 30 m of buoyant line attached.
22. 1 bellows p/p.
23. 1 set of fishing tackle.
24. 2 sponges.
25. 1 temporary repair kit
26. 1 permanent repair kit (rubber patches)
27. 1 radar reflector.
28. TPA for 10% of the capacity of the boat or,2 whichever is the greater:

MARKINGS ON LIFE RAFT (CONTAINER)

1. Manufacturers name or trade mark.
2. Serial no.
3. Capacity of the raft
4. Dot approved.
5. Solas 86.
6. Type of emergency pack enclosed
7. Date of last service.
8. length of painter line
9. Maximum height of stowage..
10. Launching instructions.

LIFE RAFTS

Weight:
Weight of throw over the launch raft not >185 kgs.
Inflate:
Within 1 min fully Inflate. Gas non toxic.
Painter:
Twice the height (length) of its stowed position to water time at light ship condition or 15 mts whichever is greater.
MRU:
Service annually,
Rafts :
Service annualty.
HRU :
Throw away type - validity two years,
Hook :
Automatic release hook of raft If fitted must be serviced: 2-5 years
Proof test: 
Proof tested 100 % swl every 5 years.
Launching station:
A ladder must be provided at each life station.
If davit launch raft then must be capable of being launched with on adverse list of 20 deg/ trim of 10 deg.

External light: Life raft external light as per lifeboat.

Lifeboat equipments

1. Sufficient buoyant oars to make broadway in calm seas.
2. Crutches or equivalent provided for each oar.
3. 2 boat hooks.
4. A buoyant bailer.
5. 2 buckets.
6. A survival manual.
7. A compass.
8. A sea anchor...
9. 2 painter (one permanent and 1 quick release)
10. 2 Hatchets (one forward and one aft)
11. 3 ltrs of water per person (valid for 3 yrs)
12. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs).
13. 3 rustproof, graduated, drinking vsls.
14. 6 hand held flares.
15. 4 parachute flares.
16. 2 smoke floats
17. 1 torch capable of signaling morse, with spare bulb and batteries
18. 1 signaling mirror.
19. 1 signal card (solas no.2)
20.  1 whistle.
21. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
22. 6 sea sickness tablets for person.
23. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
24. 1 jack knife.
25. 3 tin openers.
26. 2 buoyant rescue quoits with 30m of buoyant line attached.
27. 1 manual bilge pump.
28. 1 set of fishing tackle.
29. Sufficient tools for minor engine repairs.
30. 2 fire extinguishers, suitable for oil fires.

31. 1 search light,

32. 1 radar reflector

33. TPA for 10% of capacity of the boat or 2 whichever is greater.

Rescue boat

➤One Inflatable life jacket.
➤One survival suit for each rescue boat crew member.
➤50 m if buoyant line suitable for towing another craft,

MARKING ON LIFE BOATS

1. Dimensions
2. Capacity
3. Makers serial no.
4. Name or trade mark of manufactures. (tag) inside.
5. Date of manufacture
6. Name and POR of vessel marked on each bow of craft.
7. Callsign on the thwarts, (for seeing from top).

LIFE BOAT

1.Speed: 6 kts all lifeboats. 2 kts if towing.
2. Fuel: sufficient for 24 hrs at 6 kts.
3. Positive pressure: for min 10 mins if fitted with self contained compression.
4. Freefall lifeboats: Drop tested, 1-3 times the height they are certified to drop from the vessel.
5. Engines: run weekly for 3 min (head and astern).
6. Inspection: visually weekly basis and equipments: (once in a month)
7. External lifeboat lights: visible range 2 miles, illumination min 12 hrs, If flashing light type: 50 flashes per minute and should be maintained for 12 hrs.
8. Wire falls: every 2.5 years and renewed every 5 years unless stainless steel.
9. Launching criteria: in 20 deg list and 10 deg trim.
10. Load test : load tested every 5 years.
11. Release gear: to be overhauled every 5 years.
12. Launching Instructions reg launch of lifeboat must be displayed in the close proximity and be clearly legible.
13. Life boat capacity: not to be > 150 persons.
14. If lifeboat cannot be launched from on board then same means must be provided (ladder) for a person to board who is lowering the boat.

NOTES: about life boats:
➧Cargo vessel after 1986 -fully enclosed lifeboat.
➧Passenger ships 1986- totally or partly enclosed lifeboat.
➧Oil tankers carrying cargo flashpoint <60 deg.
➧Fire protected totally enclosed is fitted with self-contained deluge or sprinkler system.
➧8 min resistance in oil fire.
➧Chemical/ gas / toxic tankers.
➧Life boat with air support system.
➧10 min positive pressure Inside.
➧ Launching-cargo ships 10 min, passenger ships 30 min.
➧500 T or 85 m or greater:
100% L/B on each side-totally enclosed
100% L/B on each side (if this is not possible then 200%)
or
100% L/B (free fall type launched over the stem) and
100% L/R on each side with a davit on side.
And
if ysl is more than 1oom the one six man life raft fwd of aft depend on position of block.
DAVITS:
One set of davit per boat.

MUSTER LIST CONTENTS

1. Name and rank of crew member,
2. Duties assigned: (state separately for different emergencies)
3. Muster points (for respective emergencies)
4. Alternative muster points.
5. Boat station (no.1/no.2)
6. Person responsible (for maintenance of equipments):
7. Name/Rank of responsible person or in-charge of respective parties.

SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL

CONTENTS: 
Following shall be explained in details.
1. Donning of life jacket, immersion suit and anti exposure suit.
2. Muster at the assigned station.
3. Boarding, launching and clearing the survival craft.
4. Method of launching from within the survival craft.
5. Release from launching appliances.
6.. Method and use of devise for protection in launching areas.
7. Illumination in launching areas.
8. Use of all survival equipment.
9. Use of all detection equipment.
10. Use of radio LSA
11 Use of engine and accessories.
12. Recovery of survival craft and rescue boat. (including storage and Means).
13. Hazards of exposure and need for warm clothing.
14, Best use of the craft facilities to survive,
15. Methods helicopter rescue and ships LTA..
16. Contents of muster list and emergency Instructions:
17. Instructions for emergency repair of LSA.

LOCATION: 
Shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room and bridge.

MANUAL LAUNCHING OF AN INFLATABLE LIFERAFT

1. Look overside clear for launching the raft.
2. Ensure painter is secured to a strong point.
3. Remove any side railings, obstructions, chains etc.
4. Remove any securing arrangements form the raft itself.
5. if safe to launch then throw the raft to overable checking obstruction.
6. Pull painter to full length to inflate the raft.
7. Once raft is inflated (should normally take 1 to 3 min) dependent on climatic conditions then board as soon as possible.

8. Never jump directly into a raft from any height.

Note: Boarding launching Instruction to be placed on container itself or near launching station

by means of rope or ladder provided.

DAVIT LAUNCHED INFLATABLE LIFERAFT

➤See for adequate illumination.
➤Remove guardrails, obstruction.
➤Raise raft from deck by davit, hold bowsing lines at each end of raft, hold painter
line and short red fireline.
➤Slew the davit arm to overside, make fast bowsing lines and palnter.
➤Check overside obstruction, inflate by pulling sharply the red firing line.
➤Once inflated make sure raft is well secured to deck by bowing lines.
➤Ensure all personnel's are correctly wearing their life jackets.
➤Board the raft make sure it doesn't tilt since supported by one wire.
➤Once boarding is complete, release bowsing lines and painter and check all
clean around and below the raft then lower away.
➤Once in water, release raft and allow to drift clear of immediate danger,
before streaming sea anchor.

Note: Instructions for the launching in close proximity to the launching station.
Emergency lighting, means of access, drils of above every 4 months by special liferaft.

Launching of Life Boat in Emergency:

Launching of Life Boat in Emergency:

As soon as I will take orders from Master:

➤Sound signal, I will wear my PPE with Life Jacket.
➤Proceed to designated station.
➤Establish communication
➤Collect my crew with PPE and Life Jacket (check whistle, lights etc)
➤Head count
➤Brief them their duties once again
➤Railing removed, see for obstruction remove, proper illumination, boat falls checked
➤See over board side clear
➤Don't mention harbour pins
➤Since they are removed as a P.O.B or sailing
➤Gripes to be removed from the deck
➤Will check overboard side and lower embarkation ladder
➤First will send two persons in one will start eng another put plugs In life line to be released in boat itself for free most while lowering.
➤Fwd painter to be passed and made fast to strong point, When at embarkation level
➤Release tracing pendent and make fast bows in tackle.
➤All sit In boat except winch man
➤Lower the boat slowly, checking the over side.
➤Release fall hooks together and make water borne
➤Once water borne the final person to be in boat.
➤Make 45 deg angle less then by boat hook and 90 deg towards wind water side
➤Before going additionally with catering department I will try to bring in Chart, EPIRB,SART, Binoculars, extra ration, fresh water, warm clothings, blankets, walki talkies and area charts.

Note: stay away from sinking/ emergency ground, but stay near the area. Since salvage would search you there.

Fixed fire fighting hyper mist system

Fixed fire fighting hyper mist system:

Fixed fire fighting hyper mist system converts water to uniform and fine water mist.This process absorbs much energy lowering the temperature of the fire and the pressurized water expands about 1700 times taking the air away from the fire. These systems require a water consumption 6 to 10 times lower than a traditional sprinkler system

Mandatory:
Mandatory in passenger ships with GT > 500 and cargo ships with GT >2000, for fire extinguishing in machinery spaces of category A with volume > 500 m3 (IMO MSC/Circ.913).

Areas covered by water mist system in ships:

1.Incinerator room
2.Auxiliary boiler room
3.Auxiliary generators
4.Main engine cylinder head platform
5.Purifier room
6.Inert gas generator room
7.Steering gear room

The requirements for test and approval of these systems are specified in the MSC/Circ.1165:
– It shall be capable of being activated manually
– It shall be always ready to function and be capable of supplying water during 30 minutes, to avoid the re-ignition of the fire
– The systems that operate with a reduced output after and initial discharge, shall be ready again in less than 5 minutes
– It shall have redundant pumping means and shall have a permanent sea chest
– The means of control shall be outside the protected spaces
– It shall be supplied with electric power from the main and emergency generators
– The capacity of the system shall be based in the largest of the protected areas

Starting of Hyper Mist System:

Automatic Start: Hyper Mist system will be automatically started and discharge hyper mist into the protected area where fire is detected by the fire alarm system and both smoke and flame detectors activated together, and an audible and visible alarm is raised in that protected area.

Manual Start: Hyper mist system can be started manually from the control panel and from the local points whenever needed, independent of the fire alarm system.

Stopping the hyper mist system:
After extinction of a fire, the hyper mist system can be stopped manually by cancelling the fire alarm signal from the fire alarm system by pressing the “Stop” button on the control panel or local control point.

The following conditions must be maintained always to ensure hyper mist system is stand by for operation:

1. Sufficient water level must be retained in the designated fresh water tank.
2. Always the power supply should be available.
3. The fire alarm system must be in operation.
4. Drain and test valves must be closed and well marked.
5. The area around the Hyper mist water pump must be clear of any obstructions.
6. A clear operation procedure for manual and auto operation be displayed.

Alarm Test:

1. Designated freshwater tank low level alarm shall be tried out by manually lowering the float.
2. Electric source failure shall be tested by removing fuse from the control panel.

Line Test by Blowing Air:
1. The whole piping system to be blown through with compressed air at a pressure of 7 to 8 bar.
2. Check the free passage of air from the nozzles.

Update your Muster List onboard by a Microsoft Excel programme very easily

Click here to download MUSTER folder.

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